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Fizinis grožis ir jo ženkliškumas XIX a. pabaigos – XX a. pirmos pusės lietuvių kaimiškoje kultūroje
Date Issued |
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2012 |
The article analyzes ideal woman‘s face beauty and the meaning of its signs of Lithuanian rural culture at the end of the 19th c. and the beginning of the 20th c. The paper aims to reveal the relationships between aesthetic and ethnic image as well as moral values. The study is based on field research. According to the author‘s prepared questionnaires 652 respondents have been enquired. Relationships between real and ideal face look have been discussed based on physical anthropological research. The findings of the research demonstrate that the images of Lithuanian and ethnic females‘ beauty ideal are in conform showing that the most frequently mentioned features which had the exceptional aesthetic and ethnic value were: white complexion, pink cheeks, blond or light long hair and blue eyes. Those features closely corresponded with Lithuanian anthropological types which were emphasized by anthropologists. Ethnic face features were considered to be exceptionally beautiful and marked only positive traits of character predestining a favourable fate for people. However, a beautiful face which did not correspond to ethnic Lithuanian woman‘s image might have been considered negatively. The attractiveness and meanings of the signs of face features depended on gender. The features which were not beautiful or appropriate for woman representing her bad character, for man on the contrary might have been appropriate and might have shown his favourable fate, high descent, wealth and etc. Physical features which did not fully correspond or contradicted to ethnic Lithuanian man’s image in most cases were not considered to be aesthetically attractive and had unfavourable sign meanings. Lithuanians, who significantly stood out from the crowd, were mocked, integrated into the community with more difficulties or were even marginalized lacking communication and marriage.[...]
Tikriausiai kiekviena tauta turi fizinės išvaizdos, ypač veido bruožų, autostereotipą. Dažniausiai tai patrauklus, gražus žmogus, kurio išvaizda tampa ir etniniu grožio idealu, siekiamybe. Anot Natalios Haldeyevos, idealusis veido išvaizdos tipas iki tam tikro laipsnio gali būti traktuojamas kaip viena iš populiacijos charakteristikų. Kitaip tariant, susikurtas etninis grožio idealas daugiau ar mažiau atitinka realią, vyraujančią arba tam tikru istoriniu laikotarpiu vyravusią etnoso narių išvaizdą. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami gražiais, idealiais laikyti moters veido bruožai ir ženkliškos jų reikšmės XIX a. pabaigos–XX a. pirmos pusės lietuvių kaimiškoje kultūroje. Mėginama atskleisti sąsajas tarp estetinio ir etninio įvaizdžio bei moralinių žmogaus savybių. Apžvelgiamos tik pagrindinės, didžiausią estetinę ir ženklišką vertę turėjusios veido dalys. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama moters veido bruožų analizei, apie vyriškus bruožus kalbama tik siekiant išryškinti estetinius ir ženkliškus skirtumus tarp lyčių.
Recenzentai: Tomas Kačerauskas; Žydronė Kolevinskienė