The role of microbiological preparations in improving the quality of potato tubers

Abstract

Proponents of the use of these formulas prove their beneficial effect primarily on the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of the soil, by increasing photosynthesis, the production of bioactive substances such as hormones and enzymes, controlling the soil, accelerating the degradation of lignin in the soil. EM technologies have been successfully used to improve soil quality and crop growth, especially in agriculture, in organic farming systems. Despite this success, the exact mechanisms of how EM produce beneficial effects are largely unknown. Hence, the research undertaken was aimed at analyzing and evaluating the impact of technology with the application of microbiological preparations and demonstrating their good and bad sides. Intensive cultivation and conventional methods in plant cultivation led to the sterilization and acidification of the soil and the degradation of the environment. It is important to rebuild the natural fertility of the soil, so many countries limit the chemistry of agriculture and look for other biological agents with a wide range of activities. As a result, the popularity of effective microorganisms (EM) is increasing in the world (Western Europe, USA, Brazil, Japan) and in Poland. They are produced by the interaction of various aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms found in nature and consist of photosynthetic aerobic (aerobic and anaerobic) bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, fermented fungi and radishes, sweet and sour taste (pH 3-3.5) and a scent reminiscent of sourdough bread. They induce low-temperature fermentation, displacing rotting. Thanks to them they can significantly improve the quality and health of biological systems as well as stop further degradation of the environment. In addition, they restore the original self-regulation capabilities that were lost as a result of intensive cropping and plant protection. In agriculture, EM technology is used in soil regeneration, plant and animal production, agro-food industries and storage. The effects of using this technology in agriculture are due to the natural process of biosynthesis and are stable. In the ecological system, the use of Effective Microorganisms is a complementary solution, as it allows the exclusion of the use of chemical fertilizers and chemical protection measures, providing the soil with sufficient organic matter. In the conventional agricultural system, the reduction of resources and chemical treatments reduces production costs, energy consumption and reduces the nuisance to the environment.