Influence of Agrochemical Rehabilitation on the Heavy Metal Migration to the Water

Abstract

Soil plays the main role in the sustaining life of Earth ecosystems – it is the fundamental foundation of agriculture resources, food security, economy and environmental quality. The heavy metal pollution has been increasing in agricultural soils worldwide. For example, Cu is widely used as a pesticide against fungal and bacterial diseases in crops or as a contaminant in organic amendments, or for irrigation as pig manure or sewage sludge. Soil and water pollution have the great impact on food safety and to human health: polluted soils have direct health risks, and secondary risk is connected to contamination of water supplies. The article presents the lysimetric experiment with the chemical composition results. This exploratory study aims to evaluate the influence of agrochemical rehabilitation on the heavy metal migration to the water. The chemical composition of intra soil water has shown that contaminated black soil has a high absorption capacity of heavy metals. The bulk of heavy metal brought about in a form of water-soluble salts was absorbed and converted by soil colloids of podzolized chernozem into relatively stable compositions. Results of the analytical research showed that organic and organic-mineral systems, where phosphates were used in the average volume of 60 kg of Р2О5 per hectare a year, reduced intake of cadmium in the subsurface water. Mineral systems also impeded migration of zinc and copper to the ground water. On the contrary, high doses of superphosphate in the fertilizer system increased the leaching of Cd, Pb and Cu to the infiltration waters.