Vienanarių, kompleksinių ir lapų trąšų įtaka vasarinių miežių maisto medžiagų balansui ir derliaus pelningumui

Abstract

Vasariniu miežiu ivairios sud ties mineraliniu trašu tyrimai vykdyti 2004 – 2006 m. Lietuvos žem s ukio universiteto Bandymu stotyje limnoglacialinio priemolio ant moreninio priemolio karbonatingame, sekliau gl jiškame išplautžemyje (Idg8–k). Tyrimu tikslas – ištirti vienanariu, kompleksiniu ir lapu trašu bei ju kompleksinio veikimo itaka salykliniu miežiu grudu ir šiaudu derliui, azoto, fosforo ir kalio susikaupimui produkcijoje, maisto medžiagu balansui ir trašu panaudojimo ekonominiam efektyvumui. Vidutiniais treju metu tyrimu duomenimis, didžiausias esminis grudu ir šiaudu derlius gautas miežius kompleksiniu trašu fone papildomai patrešus kompleksin mis azoto-kalio trašomis Cropcare 13-0-13 (DK 24 pagal BBCH skale) derinant su lapu trašomis Delfan ir Aton AZ (DK 28–31) bei Fainal K (DK 61). Tiek pagrindinio, tiek papildomo trešimo metu naudotos kompleksin s trašos bei papildomas augalu trešimas lapu trašomis didino fosforo ir kalio susikaupima miežiu gruduose ir šiauduose. Maisto medžiagu susikaupima miežiu derliuje l m ne tik derliaus dydis ir skirtingu elementu kiekis jame, bet ir dirvožemyje esanciu mineralinio azoto, judriuju fosforo ir kalio kiekiai

The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of LUA on Cal(ca)ri-Epihypogleyic Luvisol–(LVg-p-w-cc) in 2004 – 2006. The soil of experimental field was slightly alkaline (pHKCl 7.2 – 7.7), very rich in phosphorus (P2O5 251 – 301 mg kg-1), rich in potassium (K2O 153 – 185 mg kg-1), poor in humus (1.57 – 1.83 %). The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of single and combined application of simple, complex and leaffeed fertilizers on yield, balance of nutrients and economic evaluation of fertilization on malting barley. The significant increase (0.35 and 0.40 t ha-1) of malting barley grain and straw yield was obtained when the crop was complementarily fertilized with a complex fertilizer Cropcare 13-0-13 on the background of complex fertilizers in combination with leaf feed fertilizers Delfan/Aton AZ and Fainal K. The complex fertilizers used for the main and complementary fertilization, also leaf-feed fertilization with fertilizers Delfan/Aton AZ and Fainal K increased the amount of phosphorus and potassium in grain and straw of barley. The quantity of nutrients in barley yield also depended on the amount of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium in soil. The amount of phosphorus and potassium in malting barley yield, compared to the amount of nitrogen, subject to variant of fertilization, accumulated respectively 2.2 – 2,8 and 1.2 – 1.4 time less. The negative nitrogen balance was obtained in all plots, using mineral fertilizers with different composition, and was recovered with fertilization by only 67.8 – 77.8 %. Phosphorus balance was positive in all plots, with the exception of plots where plants were not fertilized. The data averaged over three years suggest that it was profitable to fertilize malting barley with simple fertilizers, and complex fertilizers in combination with ammonium nitrate. The profit in these variants amounted to 203 and 229 Lt ha