Akvakultūros įmonių vandens kėlimo stočių techninės būklės analizė

Abstract

Akvakultūros įmonėse (AĮ) žuvininkystės tvenkiniams užpildyti vandeniu, jo nuostoliams padengti ir apytakai tvenki-niuose palaikyti reikalingas vanduo dažniausiai tiekiamas vandens kėlimo stotyse (toliau siurblinėse) įrengtais siurbliais, rečiau savitaka iš aukščiau tvenkinių pastatytos užtvankos vandens talpyklos, nes toks vandens tiekimas dažniausiai pro-jektuojant tvenkinius nebuvo numatytas. AĮ žuvininkystės tvenkiniai daugiausia buvo suprojektuoti ir įrengti sovietmečiu 1965–1985 m., kai energetinių išteklių kainos buvo dirbtinai mažos, neatitiko jų tikrosios rinkos vertės. Šiuo metu žuvų auginimas tuose tvenkiniuose, kurie užpil-domi vandeniu ir vandens apykaita juose palaikoma beveik visur mechaniniu būdu keliant vandenį, susijęs su didelėmis ener-getinėmis išlaidomis, nes elektros energijos kainos pastaraisiais dviem dešimtmečiais labai padidėjo, be to, vandeniui tiekti naudojami 20–40 metų senumo siurbliai

Data about technical state investigation of the fishponds pumping stations are presented in this paper. This study is based on the field survey of the 12 pumping stations of the 9 fishponds according to the order and reference of the Minis-try of Agriculture of Lithuania. The aim of the paper is: to evaluate the wear and tear of hydromecanical and energetic units in the investigated pumping stations, expediency and suitability of these units for further usage and to propose ra-tional variants for substitution of the obsolete, physically worn out units with new modern ones. Fishponds were designed and constructed during the Soviet times in 1965–1985 when the costs of energetic resources were artificially low, they did not correspond to their real market value. Fish raising in the existing fishponds almost eve-rywhere is related with mechanical water lift which is carried out with 20–40 year old pumps. These pumps are not eco-nomic, often break, their working parameters (efficiency, delivered discharge, water head) are reduced. That diminishes competitiveness of the fishpond business. Constructing characteristic curves of a 23-year-old pump of Raseiniai fishpond pumping station and comparing them with initial curves of the same pump, it was determined that discharge of the pump at the optimal point diminished by 21 %, efficiency and water head correspondingly reduced by 19 % and 6 %. As a result, expenditure for electricity increases by 20–30 %. Duration of the functioning time of some investigated pumps units are still longer than 23 years and pumps are more worn out. Expenses for electricity (which form the main expenses of all fishponds enterprises) would be reduced by one third after installing new modern pumps instead of the old ones. The proposals for substitution of old pumping sta-tions equipment are presented in the paper