Stilitų įtaka cukrinių runkelių šviesos absorbcijai, chlorofilų kaupimuisi ir produktyvumui

Abstract

Tyrimai atlikti 2003–2004 m. Lietuvos žemės ūkio universiteto (LŽŪU) Bandymų stotyje. Tirti Kauno technologijos universiteto Organinės chemijos katedroje susintetinti augimo reguliatoriai – stilitai, jų įtaka cukrinių runkelių šviesos absorbcijai, fotosintezės intensyvumui bei cukrinių runkelių produktyvumui. Nustatyta, kad tirti augimo reguliatoriai skatino šviesos absorbcijos procesus. Cukrinių runkelių lapai absorbavo daugiau fotosintetiškai aktyvios radiacijos (FAR), didesnį ultravioletinių spindulių (UV-B) ir šviesos kvantų kiekį, padidėjo elektronų pernešimo greitis. Augimo reguliatoriai skatino chlorofilų sintezę. Visa tai netiesiogiai veikė ir cukrinių runkelių produktyvumą – šakniavaisių derlingumas patikimai padidėjo 8,5–11,5%, cukringumas – 0,39–0,42 proc. vnt., baltojo cukraus gauta 11,5–14,8% patikimai daugiau, palyginti su kontroliniu variantu, kuriame augimo reguliatoriai nebuvo naudoti

Over 2003–2004, field tests were carrieds out at the experimental station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture. Growth regulators – stilites – synthesized at the Department of Organic Chemistry of the Kaunas University of Technology, their effect on sugar beet light absorption, photosynthesis intensity and sugar beet productivity were tested. The research data revealed that the considered growth regulators stimulated light absorption processes. The treatment of sugar beets with growth regulator solutions at the 16th–17th growth stages (BBCH scale) resulted in a higher absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Consequently, the use of PAR photosynthesis processes was more intensive and efficient. Leaves treated with the growth regulators absorbed higher amounts of ultraviolet rays (UV-B) as well as a higher number of light quanta. The photometric measurements indicated that sprouts treated with growth regulator solutions absorbed on average 2.5–3 times higher amounts of the UV-B and by 20–27% more of light quanta with respect to the control. In the variants where growth regulators were applied, the electron transmission speed was found to be more intensive. The research findings indicated that the growth regulators stilites also stimulated chlorophyll a synthesis, whereas the concentration of chlorophyll b remained rather stable with respect to the control. The highest sugar beet yield was obtained when sprouts were treated with 134; 142; 141; and 133 stilite solutions. In these experiment variants, the root yield made 6.8; 6.6; 5.9 and 5.4 t ha–1 and were on average by 11.5–9.2% reliably higher than in the control. Under the effect of the growth regulators, the saccharinity of the sugar beets increased by 0.40–0.42 percent units. The amount of the obtained white sugar was by 11.5–14.8% reliably higher than in the control