Investigation on metal tolerance and phytoremoval activity in the poplar hybrid clone “Monviso” under Cu-spiked water: Potential use for wastewater treatment

Abstract

A serious concern for the environmental and human health is represented by the increasing copper (Cu) occurrence in agricultural soils andwaters, because of the possible food contamination and bioaugmentation along the trophic chain. The request for the decontamination of different matrices with an environmentally sustainable technology as the phytoremediation should be addressed by selecting plant materials with improved pollutant tolerance and removal capability. With this purpose, plants of the hybrid poplar clone "Monviso" (Populus x generosa A. Henry x P. nigra L.) were grown in growth chamber under hydroponics and exposed to excess Cu concentrations (T-1, 75 mu M Cu; T-2, 150 mu M Cu), selected as about 5 and 10 times higher than those allowed by the Italian regulation on water use. Results evidenced a notable Cu tolerance by poplar plants, particularly at the lowest Cu concentration. At organ level, the root system was themost affected by Cu treatment, especially in T(2-)exposed plants. Copper determinations revealed that the metal was mostly bioaccumulated in the roots, with a limited amount reaching the shoots. Chlorophyll content and fluorescence analyses confirmed the visible symptoms in leaves, highlighting a good physiological status in T-1-exposed plants. Contrarily, an impairment of themain processes associated to photosynthesis was observed in T-2-exposed plants also by gas exchange measurements. Remarkably, the Cu content analysis of the spiked water solutions revealed that poplar plants succeeded in removing almost the 50% of the total Cu amount added. These results strengthen the evidence that poplar plants represent a useful eco-friendly bio-tool for the decontamination of metal polluted waters.